GCSE History
Edward I began his Scottish involvement as an arbiter - and ended it as a would-be conqueror. He took the Stone of Destiny to Westminster, humiliated John Balliol, and faced William Wallace's schiltrons at Stirling Bridge in 1297. He won at Falkirk in 1298, but Scotland was never truly conquered. Edward died in 1307 still on his way north, and Robert Bruce secured Scottish independence seven years later.